Our Methodology

Afghanistan Spiegel documents and reports on human rights developments affecting people in Afghanistan, with particular attention to women, children, minorities, displaced communities and individuals exposed to abuse or exclusion.

Information Collection

We may receive information from affected individuals, witnesses, journalists, civil society actors, public records, official statements, international organisations, research institutions and credible media sources. Information submitted to us is not automatically treated as verified.

Verification

Before presenting information as fact, we seek to evaluate its origin, credibility, consistency and context. Where possible, we:

• compare information with more than one independent source;
• review original documents, photographs, videos or official records;
• confirm dates, locations and identities when this can be done safely;
• distinguish direct evidence from testimony, allegation and analysis;
• contact relevant individuals or institutions for clarification or response.

When independent verification is not possible, we clearly attribute the information and explain relevant limitations. We do not present unverified allegations as established facts.

External Reports and Source Material

When reporting on findings published by another organisation, we identify and link to the original source whenever available. We distinguish external reports, summaries and translations from Afghanistan Spiegel’s own investigations and analysis.

Interviews and Informed Consent

We explain the intended use of an interview or submitted material as clearly as circumstances allow. We consider requests for anonymity when identification could expose a person to retaliation, discrimination, prosecution or other harm.

Protecting People from Harm

Public interest does not remove our responsibility to minimise avoidable harm. We may withhold names, precise locations, identifying images or operational details when publication could endanger victims, witnesses, families or communities.

Images and Sensitive Material

We assess whether photographs and videos are authentic, relevant and safe to publish. Graphic or distressing material should only be used when it has clear public-interest value. Appropriate warnings should be provided where necessary.

Limitations

Human rights documentation in Afghanistan is conducted under serious security, access and verification constraints. Our reporting reflects the evidence reasonably available at the time of publication. New evidence may lead to clarification, correction or updating.